How It's Made S22E08 Pressed Glass

home today on how it's made pressed glass ha pickup truck caps the alpaca yarn and utility knife I'm pressed glass originated in nineteenth-century America and England n/a revolutionized glassware enough for the look of crystal on a budget adding elegance to a humble meal it became known as poor man's crystal today this affordable class still has class com pressed glass or cut crystal invented in the th century pressed glass can still impress company and keep them guessing pressed glass ingredients include lime sodium nitrate soda ash silica sand mineral or chemical colorants and leftover or rejected glass from the factory the milk the ingredients in a furnace he did in over twenty nine hundred degrees Fahrenheit a worker twirls arrived with a ceramic bowl on the end into it and the hot liquid glass clings to it then it's ready for transfer to the iron morning when the mold is partly for a worker snoops the liquid glass with scissors to cut the flow he places a ring with pigs on the room to align the mall with a plunger he lowers the plunger and applies physical pressure to a lever to squeeze the class into every crevice this transforms the glass blob into a variable with elaborate impressions on the outside as it cools the bowl hardens harga xiaomi edisi pro just enough to be extracted but it's still quite soft I'm careful to not distort the shape he transfers the ball to two bricks a hose below the brakes pumps air to call the glass further over a period of four hours %uh the team makes berry bowls some other balls we plan to turn them into dessert plates while others will be worked into the shape of candy baskets home once the glasses firmed up enough the balls take a couple trips through the Glazer first upside down and then right side up against plane melts the outer layer of the glass to make it shine both inside and out %uh he claims the ball onto the end of a rock called a snap and places it into a second smaller furnace briefly this softens the glass to prepare it for another transformation to do plant on the rod a worker spins the ball with the state avoid he applies pressure to the upper part to flatten in Florida he then draws the peace between two pipes to bend the sides upward the press class Perry ball has now become a candy basket but these kids need handles so it's back to the furnace together more class on he clicks a little less this time on %uh he moves to molten glass around on a medal table to roll a longer %uh home he inserted in the mall gives a class a rib pattern he hits the glass in the furnace one more time soft and sticky the glass handle it here's to the basket people's the handle on grazie twirls the basket and then it ensures the other end of the handle to head %uh the handles a bit sag so before it cools he improves the shape using an iron roller %uh as he works the glass people's the handle up and makes it more well-rounded unclamps from the gathering right now peace moves the outer surface of the handle and tweaks and shape until satisfied using a torch he melts the class a bit where the handle me to the basket to improve the adhesion cool and now it's over to the other num here's the press classes he did and then cooled to room temperature over a period of three and a half hours this gradual heating and cooling is critical it releases stress in the pressed glass to make it less likely to shatter bull for generations molds have been used to mass-produce pressed glass pieces they can look like expensive crystal with all that practice they have this down to a fine art some works are reproductions a vintage pieces others are new patterns be appealed is timeless the pickup trucks are ideal for transporting tools and materials but often these items have to be covered in locked away to protect them from the elements and theft that's why many pickup owners install caps hardtop covers typically made a fiberglass or aluminum with optional built-in storage this truck cap is made of durable fiberglass and is designed to fit every full-size pickup on the mark a truck cap has to be both practical and attractive to it first take shape on a car designers sketch pad engineers use computer software to translate to design sketches candy technical drawings for producing several malls one for each of the various parts of the truck cap the first step is to wax the mold surface so that the truck cap part will extract easily the mall is made of colored fiberglass to contrast to what materials that apply to it the first have those materials is Joe code love polyester resin that produces smooth and shiny finish on fiberglass the spray on a half millimeter thick coat the beauty of Joe code is that a nigger crack can be easily repaired with a bit of grinding and filling so the crew cab surface can always be restored to an impeccable state the joke ok yours in about minutes at which point they begin shooting chapter fiberglass thats impregnated with resin they compress this new layer with rollers to about five kilometers thick ball roughly two hours later the resin is hard and it's time to use special extraction jacks to remove the now solid room from the mall ok the repeat the same molding process for all the other parts because this particular truck cap model has double doors on both the back inside there are different parts to mall on a robotic circular salt rooms each molded part this is the truck caps air deflector the saw blade has diamond particles affixed to its search enabling it to cut the fiberglass without reading it by the time the robot finishes trimming the pardon me to exact specifications and has need smooth edges on them with all the parts ready now it's time to assemble the truck capital first the night the roof and the Universal Fit base on both slide into an aluminum trim workers claim them in position from the inside cool on next as required by motor vehicle regulations they install brake lights at the top of the rear doors it do then on the right side rear door they mount a chrome-plated door handle the plating has been treated with an anti-corrosion coating for the sake of convenience the door handle lock is designed to work with the prosecution T for to the driver doesn't have to carry around a separate key for the cap cool the doors mount with sturdy hinge is made of stainless steel which is rust resistant next using a template to get the position in just right they grew the company in model name logo's to the right rear door for statics these plastic logos or chrome plated to match the door handle after melting the doors they install gas struts on each door to provide resistance to control the door switch workers also install pair -foot-long LED lights there on a magnetic switch turning them on an offer the doors open and close once it's fully assembled it undergoes a thorough inspection a truck that weighs about pounds so you need a mechanical lift a mounted on a pickoff them it fixes with four title levers that put them to the rails running down the interior sides have the truck so there's no chance that the Catholic thing of before shipping out to the customer every truck cap goes through water test subjected to a torrent for three minutes straight to make sure no water leaks inside it proof caps can be ordered with the pullout cargo bed shelving storage bins another feature school transforming an ordinary pickup truck into a workshop on wheels good duck wants war soft water repellent and as an added bonus hypo-allergenic something native alpaca yarn similar to sheep's wool it smoother due to the scale structure of the individual fibers and it doesn't contain lanolin a natural wax in sheep's wool to which some people are allergic don't focus come in different colors ranging from pure white through various shades have been ages Browns in grace to pure black breeder sure there are Packers and sell the fleece or send it to mills for processing into yard white fleece is in greatest demand and it can be dyed any number of colors before sending out the fleece the breeders pull off pay leaves another stuck on vegetation do when the police arrived at the mill it undergoes repeated washes with natural soaps until its pristine do after the fleece air dryers a conveyor belt feeds into the picker the machines to throw some poles apart the club's a process called opening the fibers drum then shoots those fibers into a compartment call the picker closet once all the police has been opened they turn off the machine and spray the fluffy fibers thoroughly with a blend of conditioners these conditioners are left to absorb overnight to reduce static electricity the next step generates do the fiber separator combs the fibers with the series a fine-tooth rollers do this simultaneously straightens the fibers and separates them by grade do for several hours removes any remaining bits vegetation do what the second set removes course fibers so that only very fine fibers exit the machine do the next step is to divide these fine fibers into bundles a pretty cool way do this set weight varies according to the greater fiber that the next machine the carter will be processing do a fine fiber requires heavier bundles do the conveyor belt feeding the card is marked in sections the place one bundle in each section do this steady even input ensures that the machine produces a consistent output do inside the card a series of Qom spreads the fibers over and ROM aligning them parallel to each other do this produces a thin flat layer of fine fiber called where r web can be stacked in several layers to make batting the stuffing material in quilts and do vase do betting can be further processed into fell delwip can also be processed into rovings along fixed remove fiber which craftspeople hand spin into yarn door which high speed machines here the mill spin into store bought your mom the road in Dec on the card compresses the web into street while rotating at to hold the aligned fibers in the steak like shape to make what's known as wall and you aren't the roving goes directly to the spinner however to make what's called semi worsted yarn this machine called a draw frame must first combined two or more rovings into a consistent stream called a sliver do the thinner the yarn the more often the rovings pass through the draw frames finally several sliver simultaneously enter the spinner which twists each one separately through a combination of pressure in speed the next machine called the plier then forms the yarn by twisting multiple singles together in the opposite direction twisting two singles for example makes the two ply yarn the mill produces different weights have you heard from laced a balky by varying the volume of fiber per ply as well as the spinning speed do they mount the spools the finished yard on this game wonder dusk is a bundled yarn thats first wound then twisted do said the machine to specifically to the aren't when it stops they tied the skin on two wins and remove it do then the dye the yarn poorly but its natural color do some males die their fleece after washing prior to processing it into yarn ok the final step is to hand twist this game they also why you're into balls and cones ok mormon water repellent this silky smooth alpaca yarn is all set to be nearer woven into a cozy woman do that the utility knife is known by many other names carpet knife box cutter sheetrock knife and craft night for just a few all those names reflect the many uses for this retractable knife and it's incredible versatility it comes in handy every time web in seventy years the design of this retractable utility knife hasn't really changed much why mess with the concept that works %uh a hollow case with an interlocking nose for the blade held together by a single screw it can be easily unscrew to access spare blades inside %uh to make the blades carbon steel on corals into a die Presse %uh a ruler takes up the slack as the steel inches forward for each for me %uh the press course the steel too rough out the shape of the blades punches notches for attaching them to the handle in stamps product information on to them %uh be be at this point the Steelers just a little stiffer than %uh a trip through a twenty five foot long furnace toughens up exposed to scorching heat and then quenched by water the steel hardened significantly the bed after the brand name has been printed on the steel the ribbon to play its rise through a grinding station with different stone grinding wheels %uh they sharpen the steel edge %uh the steel now passes under an induction coil that radiates heat to further harden the cutting edge %uh a machine called the breaker snaps the steel on the scorelines %uh it spits out the unwanted triangular bids between the blades for recycling %uh the blades flow I love the breaker and into a steel channel a pusher moves them down the channel into a train %uh this system snaps impact blades a minute the insert one plane from every production run into this tester the test removes the blade back and forth repeatedly to slice through fixed axle paper strips %uh this gives them a measure of the blade sharpness and durability %uh the transformation from blood medal to razor-sharp blade is complete and the utility knife blades are ready for the gripping Park booze in case %uh the case the back in front of the case on a diet the parts then bounce around in a vibratory bowl along with pyramid shape ceramic brock's %uh the friction smooth the rough edges %uh after about a half hour in the vibratory bowl the case in parts or blemish free %uh they head into the next station %uh here workers collect them examine them pretty fax as they hang them on moving racks %uh the racks will take the utility knife parts through wash station %uh to get rid of a dusting them sink and ceramic residue %uh bits kind of a power wash for the nave case parts the ride by high pressure sprayer for a thorough cleaning %uh the %uh after that they take a trip through dryer to prepare them for a powder coat finish %uh once the powder coat is big on it will protect the sync utility known from corrosion %uh %uh the pallor code gives the utility knives a finish that's tougher than conventional paint %uh heading into the unload station now a blast from an air gun knocks the parts of the rack %uh thanks to the tough finish they land without a scratch %uh be Chile's national parks are ready for assembly and the worker uses a special fixture for that %uh she places the bottom half the knife in a recess in the picture %uh handling the one side of the blaze she inserts three of them into the cases storage compartment %uh she also talks the tabs and information card into it %uh next she installs retractable mechanism for the utility knife blades %uh she places the other half the case on the assembly and then actuate in autos crew going to close tonight it %uh they assemble over , utility knives per day at this factory %uh now that's cutting edge %uh on if you have any comments about the show for you like to suggest topics for future shows drop us a line Science Channel dot com forward slash how it's made

The OIC UNITED NATIONS send troops into suggest Syria

The organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) calls upon the Security Council to consider the dispatch of peacekeepers to Syria as an urgent step.
It is said by the OIC, the troops can help stabilize Syria so that it could reduce the flow of refugees.
In an emergency meeting in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Sunday (6/09), the country's 57-member organization calls upon the Security Council to establish a "UNITED NATIONS multidimensional peacekeeping operations in Syria to create security and stability in the country".


Refugees and entrants using rubber boats to reach Europe.
The OIC, in a joint statement, stated all the Islamic countries should accept refugees Syria as a form of affection.
But the OIC acknowledged, more than 50% of its members have not been meneken UN Convention on refugees.
Appeal OIC issued on the same day when Germany, Austria and Czech Republic tighten border surveillance following the banjirnya of refugees and immigrants in Europe.
Germany estimated 800,000 people will seek shelter and livelihood in the country this year.
The Western Europe is being hit by a wave of refugees and immigrants, mostly from Syria but some are coming from Afghanistan, Eritrea and other countries to escape from war and poverty.